To comply with GDPR we will not store any personally identifiable information from you. Therefore we will serve sub-optimal experience where some features such as Login/Signup are disabled. However, you will be able to search and see all the properties, see agent contact details and contact them offline on your own.

We've updated our privacy policy to reflect our commitment to ensuring the security of your data. Please check out our updated Privacy Policy for more details. By continuing browsing this website, you are giving consent towards the same.

PropertyGuru

My Activities
My Account
Personalize your search & get unlimited access to features: Login Login / Create Account
Log out

Buy
Rent
Condos
HDB
New Projects
Mortgages
Overseas
Commercial
Find Agent
Guides
More
- News
- AreaInsider
- AskGuru
- For Agents
  - Agent Offerings
  - AgentNet

Home
HDB Flat for rent
Serangoon / Thomson (D19-20)
Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson

Property Type

Price

Minimum
S$

Maximum
S$

Price

Minimum
S$
- No Min
- S$ 500
- S$ 1,000
- S$ 1,500
- S$ 2,000
- S$ 2,500
- S$ 3,000
- S$ 3,500
- S$ 4,000
- S$ 5,000
- S$ 6,000
- S$ 7,000
- S$ 8,000
- S$ 9,000
- S$ 10,000
- S$ 12,000
- S$ 15,000
- S$ 20,000
- S$ 30,000
- S$ 40,000
- S$ 50,000

Maximum
S$
- No Max
- S$ 500
- S$ 1,000
- S$ 1,500
- S$ 2,000
- S$ 2,500
- S$ 3,000
- S$ 3,500
- S$ 4,000
- S$ 5,000
- S$ 6,000
- S$ 7,000
- S$ 8,000
- S$ 9,000
- S$ 10,000
- S$ 12,000
- S$ 15,000
- S$ 20,000
- S$ 30,000
- S$ 40,000
- S$ 50,000

Bedroom

Studio
1
2
3
4
5+

Bedroom

Filter

Buy
Rent

Location

Search within distance 1 km (12 min)

0.5 km (6 min)
1.5 km (18 min)
1 km (12 min)
2 km (24 min)

Property Type

New Projects Only

Affordable Properties Only

Price

Minimum
S$

Maximum
S$

Price

Minimum
S$
- No Min
- S$ 500
- S$ 1,000
- S$ 1,500
- S$ 2,000
- S$ 2,500
- S$ 3,000
- S$ 3,500
- S$ 4,000
- S$ 5,000
- S$ 6,000
- S$ 7,000
- S$ 8,000
- S$ 9,000
- S$ 10,000
- S$ 12,000
- S$ 15,000
- S$ 20,000
- S$ 30,000
- S$ 40,000
- S$ 50,000

Maximum
S$
- No Max
- S$ 500
- S$ 1,000
- S$ 1,500
- S$ 2,000
- S$ 2,500
- S$ 3,000
- S$ 3,500
- S$ 4,000
- S$ 5,000
- S$ 6,000
- S$ 7,000
- S$ 8,000
- S$ 9,000
- S$ 10,000
- S$ 12,000
- S$ 15,000
- S$ 20,000
- S$ 30,000
- S$ 40,000
- S$ 50,000

Bedroom

Studio
1
2
3
4
5+

Floor Size

Minimum
sqft

Maximum
sqft

Land Size

Minimum
sqft

Maximum
sqft

PSF

Minimum
S$
- No Min
- S$ 100
- S$ 200
- S$ 300
- S$ 400
- S$ 500
- S$ 600
- S$ 700
- S$ 800
- S$ 900
- S$ 1,000
- S$ 1,100
- S$ 1,200
- S$ 1,300
- S$ 1,400
- S$ 1,500
- S$ 1,600
- S$ 1,700
- S$ 1,800
- S$ 1,900
- S$ 2,000
- S$ 2,100
- S$ 2,200
- S$ 2,300
- S$ 2,400
- S$ 2,500
- S$ 2,600
- S$ 2,700
- S$ 2,800
- S$ 2,900
- S$ 3,000
- S$ 3,100
- S$ 3,200
- S$ 3,300
- S$ 3,400
- S$ 3,500
- S$ 3,600
- S$ 3,700
- S$ 3,800
- S$ 3,900
- S$ 4,000

Maximum
S$
- No Max
- S$ 100
- S$ 200
- S$ 300
- S$ 400
- S$ 500
- S$ 600
- S$ 700
- S$ 800
- S$ 900
- S$ 1,000
- S$ 1,100
- S$ 1,200
- S$ 1,300
- S$ 1,400
- S$ 1,500
- S$ 1,600
- S$ 1,700
- S$ 1,800
- S$ 1,900
- S$ 2,000
- S$ 2,100
- S$ 2,200
- S$ 2,300
- S$ 2,400
- S$ 2,500
- S$ 2,600
- S$ 2,700
- S$ 2,800
- S$ 2,900
- S$ 3,000
- S$ 3,100
- S$ 3,200
- S$ 3,300
- S$ 3,400
- S$ 3,500
- S$ 3,600
- S$ 3,700
- S$ 3,800
- S$ 3,900
- S$ 4,000

PSF

Minimum
S$
- No Min
- S$ 0
- S$ 0.5
- S$ 1
- S$ 1.5
- S$ 2
- S$ 2.5
- S$ 3
- S$ 3.5
- S$ 4
- S$ 4.5
- S$ 5
- S$ 10
- S$ 20
- S$ 30
- S$ 40
- S$ 50
- S$ 60
- S$ 70
- S$ 80
- S$ 90
- S$ 100
- S$ 110
- S$ 120
- S$ 130
- S$ 140
- S$ 150
- S$ 160
- S$ 170
- S$ 180
- S$ 190
- S$ 200

Maximum
S$
- No Max
- S$ 0
- S$ 0.5
- S$ 1
- S$ 1.5
- S$ 2
- S$ 2.5
- S$ 3
- S$ 3.5
- S$ 4
- S$ 4.5
- S$ 5
- S$ 10
- S$ 20
- S$ 30
- S$ 40
- S$ 50
- S$ 60
- S$ 70
- S$ 80
- S$ 90
- S$ 100
- S$ 110
- S$ 120
- S$ 130
- S$ 140
- S$ 150
- S$ 160
- S$ 170
- S$ 180
- S$ 190
- S$ 200

Bathroom

Tenure

Build Year

Minimum
- No Min
- 1977
- 1978
- 1979
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- 1983
- 1984
- 1985
- 1986
- 1987
- 1988
- 1989
- 1990
- 1991
- 1992
- 1993
- 1994
- 1995
- 1996
- 1997
- 1998
- 1999
- 2000
- 2001
- 2002
- 2003
- 2004
- 2005
- 2006
- 2007
- 2008
- 2009
- 2010
- 2011
- 2012
- 2013
- 2014
- 2015
- 2016
- 2017
- 2018
- 2019
- 2020
- 2021
- 2022
- 2023
- 2024
- 2025
- 2026
- 2027
- 2028
- 2029
- 2030

Maximum
- No Max
- 1977
- 1978
- 1979
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- 1983
- 1984
- 1985
- 1986
- 1987
- 1988
- 1989
- 1990
- 1991
- 1992
- 1993
- 1994
- 1995
- 1996
- 1997
- 1998
- 1999
- 2000
- 2001
- 2002
- 2003
- 2004
- 2005
- 2006
- 2007
- 2008
- 2009
- 2010
- 2011
- 2012
- 2013
- 2014
- 2015
- 2016
- 2017
- 2018
- 2019
- 2020
- 2021
- 2022
- 2023
- 2024
- 2025
- 2026
- 2027
- 2028
- 2029
- 2030

Floor Level

Ground
Low
Mid
High
Penthouse

Furnishing

Unfurnished
Partially Furnished
Fully Furnished

Keyword

Lease Term

Listed on

Any date
Within 2 weeks
Within 3 days
Within 1 month
Within 1 week

Listing Features

212 Results of HDB Flat For Rent, in Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson.

My Property Search & Alerts

Search Name

Daily Email Alerts

Transaction Types	Rent
Property Type	HDB Flats
Districts	Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson

212 HDB Flats for rent in Singapore, in Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson

My Property Search & Alerts

Search Name

Daily Email Alerts

Transaction Types	Rent
Property Type	HDB Flats
Districts	Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson

212 HDB Flats for rent in Singapore, in Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson

Show Map

All
New Project
Affordable Properties

Sort By
Recommended
Newest
Lowest Price
Highest Price
PSF (low-high)
PSF (high-low)
Size (high-low)
Size (low-high)

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

12 1

263 Bishan Street 22

S$ 4,200 /mo
Ready to move

3 2
1130 sqft
S$ 3.72 psf

9 mins (650 m) to CR12 Teck Ghee MRT

HDB Flat
Unfurnished
Built: 1991

Shortlist

Listed by Edwin Wee

"Huge 4rm flat at bishan for rent immediate! Unblock view"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8511 6181Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

423 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3

S$ 1,200 /mo
Ready to move

Room
100 sqft
S$ 12.00 psf

3 mins (250 m) to NS16 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1993

27m

Shortlist

Listed by Sherdale Goh

"Only 2min walk to AMK MRT / AMK Hub! Common room w/ renovated toilet."

WhatsApp Call

+65 8500 1169Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

11 LiveTour

503 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5

S$ 1,350 /mo
Ready to move

Room
200 sqft
S$ 6.75 psf

8 mins (610 m) to CR11 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1980

Shortlist

Listed by June Leng Yee Hoe

"Ang Mo Kio MRT common room new renovation"

WhatsApp Call

+65 9871 5880Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

7 1

470 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10

S$ 400 /mo
Ready to move

Room
150 sqft
S$ 2.67 psf

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1979

17h

Shortlist

Listed by Clement Leroy Wong

"Ang Mo Kio Blk470 Common Room (Co-share)"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8188 0859Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

7 1

470 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10

S$ 1,200 /mo
Ready to move

Room
200 sqft
S$ 6.00 psf

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1979

17h

Shortlist

Listed by Clement Leroy Wong

"Ang Mo Kio Blk470 Master Bedroom"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8188 0859Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

324 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3

S$ 1,000 /mo
Ready to move

Room
100 sqft
S$ 10.00 psf

4 mins (320 m) to CR11 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Built: 1978

17h

Shortlist

Listed by Jordan Chew

"Clean Common Room for Rent!"

WhatsApp Call

+65 9093 2555Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

12 1 LiveTour

203 Bishan Street 23

S$ 4,300 /mo
Available from 15 Feb

3 2
1098 sqft
S$ 3.92 psf

6 mins (440 m) to NS17 Bishan MRT

HDB Flat
Built: 1990

Shortlist

Listed by Ong Chen Kuan

"New Exclusive 4 Room High Floor Whole Unit Rental"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8182 0673Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

404 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10

S$ 1,800 /mo
Ready to move

Room
330 sqft
S$ 5.45 psf

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1978

Shortlist

Listed by J.A. Goh 吴永益

"Master Bedroom with Attacehd Toilet for Rent"

WhatsApp Call

+65 9639 0350Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

14 1

571 Cheng San Court

571 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3

S$ 1,900 /mo
Ready to move

Room
200 sqft
S$ 9.50 psf

7 mins (560 m) to NS16 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1978

Shortlist

Listed by May Chong 張雲

"Min walks to MRT, immediately move in welcomed single or couple"

WhatsApp Call

+65 9452 8840Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

15 1 LiveTour

22 Sin Ming Road

S$ 3,500 /mo
Ready to move

2 2
700 sqft
S$ 5.00 psf

10 mins (760 m) to TE8 Upper Thomson MRT

HDB Flat
Partially Furnished
Built: 1973

Shortlist

Listed by Dominic Ooi

"Up to 3pax Ready to move in, 4 Stop to AMK or Marymount Mrt"

WhatsApp Call

+65 9018 8016Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

8 VirtualTourLiveTour

728 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 6

S$ 2,300 /mo
Ready to move

Studio
141 sqft
S$ 16.31 psf

7 mins (530 m) to CR11 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1980

Shortlist

Listed by Bryan Chua

"Brand New Super Comfy Co-Living Studio Unit for 1 pax @ AMK Central!"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8399 5861Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

9 VirtualTourLiveTour

728 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 6

S$ 2,400 /mo
Ready to move

Studio
150 sqft
S$ 16.00 psf

7 mins (530 m) to CR11 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1980

Shortlist

Listed by Bryan Chua

"Brand New Super Comfy Co-Living Studio Unit for 1 pax @ AMK Central!"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8399 5861Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

9 VirtualTourLiveTour

531 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10

S$ 2,850 /mo
Ready to move

Studio
172 sqft
S$ 16.57 psf

9 mins (640 m) to NS16 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1979

Shortlist

Listed by Bryan Chua

"Brand New Super Comfy Co-Living Studio Unit for 2 pax @ AMK Central!"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8399 5861Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

8 VirtualTourLiveTour

531 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10

S$ 2,400 /mo
Ready to move

Studio
127 sqft
S$ 18.90 psf

9 mins (640 m) to NS16 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1979

Shortlist

Listed by Bryan Chua

"Brand New Super Comfy Co-Living Studio Unit for 1 pax @ AMK Central!"

WhatsApp Call

+65 8399 5861Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

10 1 LiveTour

158 Bishan Street 13

S$ 4,200 /mo
Ready to move

3 2
1302 sqft
S$ 3.23 psf

13 mins (1000 m) to NS17 Bishan MRT

HDB Flat
Partially Furnished
Built: 1987

Shortlist

Listed by Chris Chee

"158 Bishan Street 13"

WhatsApp Call

+65 9066 0682Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

6 1 LiveTour

591A Ang Mo Kio Street 51

S$ 4,300 /mo

3 2
1001 sqft
S$ 4.30 psf

3 mins (260 m) to CR11 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Partially Furnished
Built: 2017

Shortlist

Listed by Ting Shi Yang

"Brand new renovation and very high floor"

WhatsApp Call

+65 9845 1249Call

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

13 1 LiveTour

611 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5

S$ 4,200 /mo
Available from 10 Dec

3 2
990 sqft
S$ 4.24 psf

8 mins (630 m) to TE6 Mayflower MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1979

Shortlist

Listed by Quinie Ong

Call

+65 8183 1834

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

19 1

150A Bishan Street 11

S$ 3,600 /mo
Ready to move

2 1
700 sqft
S$ 5.14 psf

HDB Flat
Built: 1987

Shortlist

Listed by Jordan Tay (郑扬龄)

Call

+65 9362 1527

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

14 1

23 Sin Ming Road

S$ 3,400 /mo
Available from 3 Jan

2 1
650 sqft
S$ 5.23 psf

3 mins (210 m) to TE8 Upper Thomson MRT

HDB Flat
Fully Furnished
Built: 1973

19h

Shortlist

Listed by Wendeline Goh

Call

+65 9108 1234

You hid this property.

Undo

You can manage and keep this property hidden across devices by signing in

Tell us why you hid this

Thanks for the feedback

Viewed

436 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10

S$ 4,108 /mo
Available from 1 Jan

3 2
990 sqft
S$ 4.15 psf

7 mins (540 m) to NS16 Ang Mo Kio MRT

HDB Flat
Partially Furnished
Built: 1978

23h

Shortlist

Listed by Jermain Ng 黄竞萱

Call

+65 9799 7834

District 20 is mainly known as a major residential district that comprises of large-scale and older residential estates in Ang Mo Kio to the newer ones established in Bishan and Thomson. Comparatively residential properties here are much more costly due to its accessibility to the Central Business District (CBD) as well as its wide array of amenities and facilities that includes reputable schools, community centres and shopping malls. As such a wide variety of property types have been built and developed over the years in district 20. These would include HDB apartments and condominiums like The Panorama, Centro Residences and Nuovo in Ang Mo Kio; as well as landed properties that line along Bishan Street 12 and 15 and Thomson Road. Condominiums like Sky Habitat are also spread across Bishan. This allows families in particular from different walks of life and backgrounds to enjoy the very proximity of a great variety of amenities and facilities in the area. Ang Mo Kio, literally translated as “red bridge” denoting good luck and prosperity in the Chinese culture, derived its name from a bridge built in Thomson Road by J.T. Thomson, a former government surveyor of Singapore. Ang Mo Kio traced its humble beginnings as a village that reared farm animals and grew fruits and vegetables. It also comprised small businesses that did menial work. This contrasts starkly with the high-rise apartment buildings, outdoor leisure areas and street lights that surround Ang Mo Kio today. More prominently, the shopping mall, Ang Mo Kio Hub has attracted many visitors to the area as it also forms a link to the Ang Mo Kio MRT Station and Bus Interchange. Moreover, Ang Mo Kio has a few reputable schools including CHIJ ST. Nicholas Girls’ School and Ang Mo Kio Secondary School. As we shift our attention towards the central area of district 20 with a mere 3 kilometres away, we enter another major residential area – Bishan which is a Cantonese word for a large burial ground. Before mass development took place, Bishan had been a major burial ground that was excavated. What had been known as Kampong San Theng and Soon Hock Village occupied by the main dialect Cantonese and Hokkien Chinese dialect groups, Bishan is now a high-cost housing area that consists of 19,000 over apartments. The main feature that appeals property buyers to Bishan is that most elite schools including Raffles Institution, Ai Tong School and Catholic High are located here. Moreover, Bishan provides a wide variety of leisure activities as it encompasses Junction 8 as its main neighbourhood mall, Bishan Park that has undergone mass development the past few years which has made it a great place for tranquil strolls and workouts and not forgetting the Bishan Community Club that provides a vast amount of activities catered to both the young and old. Summing up all these various features of Bishan including its accessibility to the Circle and North-South MRT lines and the Bishan Bus Interchange, it is no wonder that property buyers vie for a residential spot within the area. Lastly, Thomson makes up a major component of district 20 with its mixture of housing estates, hotels and leisure aspects. The prices of the estates here are considerably higher, comprising of majority landed properties and upscale condominiums including The Compass at Chancery and Espana. More noticeably, Thomson is known as a little food haven and education hub with Thomson Plaza as the main shopping centre that includes many tuition, music and dance centres. Foodies would definitely find Thomson a great place to explore with the wide variety of eateries that line the streets of Upper Thomson Road including Little Pancakes, Waffelicious, Black Sheep Café and of course, the famous The Roti Prata House.

There are 212 HDB for rent In Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson. you can use our elegant property search tool to find the right 1-room flat, 2-room flat, 3-room flat, 4-room flat, 5-room flat, jumbo HDB, executive apartment, maisonette HDB, multi-generation HDB and HDB terrace for rent with detailed information, including maps and photos. The options in our database is limitless. Our property evaluation tool makes the market transparent for you, so that you can make a confident decision to rent your property in Singapore. Start your property search above, or refine your search using these most popular searches on HDB for rent.

Properties by prices show

Under S$ 2.5 K
Under S$ 3 K
Under S$ 3.5 K
Under S$ 4 K
Under S$ 5 K

Popular locations show

Hougang / Punggol / Sengkang
Dairy Farm / Bukit Panjang / Choa Chu Kang
Bedok / Upper East Coast
Ang Mo Kio / Bishan / Thomson
Seletar / Yio Chu Kang
Tanglin / Holland / Bukit Timah
East Coast / Marine Parade
Pasir Ris / Tampines
Boon Lay / Jurong / Tuas
Sembawang / Yishun

Properties by floor size show

Over 750 sqft
Over 1,000 sqft
Over 1,200 sqft
Over 1,500 sqft
Over 2,000 sqft

Near transportation show

EW17 Tiong Bahru MRT Station
EW23 Clementi MRT Station
CC21 Holland Village MRT Station
CC13 Serangoon MRT Station
EW18 Redhill MRT Station
CC9 Paya Lebar MRT Station
CC15 Bishan MRT Station
NS20 Novena MRT Station
NE9 Boon Keng MRT Station
NE16 Sengkang MRT Station

Properties by floor level show

High Floor
Penthouse
Ground Floor
Mid Floor

How do I rent a property in Singapore?

Get answers from PropertyGuru experts in 24 hours

Ask A Question Browse Answers

Ask Your Question

Our property experts will answer within 24 hours.

Enquiring about a specific property for sale or rent? If yes, please contact the agent directly.

What's your question?

Topic

Project Name (optional)
Get better answers by giving context to your question.

Location (optional)

Listing Id

Question Slug

Display Name
By default, we mask and use your email address, e.g. e***@example.com

Post Anonymously

Advanced Options

Continue with Google

or

Before submitting, view our disclaimer .

Disclaimer

All user submitted content is reviewed before it is published on the website. We reserve a right not to publish content that contains any content not relevant to the context; inappropriate language; offensive language towards other community members; racist, sexist, criminal, violent comments; spamming and any commercial promotion; HTML tags in the content; or no contact information.